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Evidence map · Neurofeedback · anxiety and PTSD

Neurofeedback for anxiety and PTSD: what the research shows

Neurofeedback for anxiety and PTSD. 250 papers from 2000 to 2026, including 15 meta-analyses, 17 systematic reviews and 46 randomised controlled trials. Each study below links to its source.

250Papers in the corpus
15Meta-analyses
46Randomised controlled trials
52Open-access papers

Study design

Jev labels
Meta-analysis15Systematic review17RCT46Non-randomised trial50Cohort2Cross-sectional5Case series3Case report14

47 papers have no confident study-design label yet. Labels are AI-classified by Jev: advisory, not clinician-reviewed.

Papers over time

by publication year
9146 1998–002010–122025–26*

* 2025–26 is still in progress, so its count is incomplete.

Most-cited trials and reviews

by citations
  1. 1

    A Randomized Controlled Study of Neurofeedback for Chronic PTSD.

    RCTvan der Kolk et al. · 2016 · PloS one · 165 citations
  2. 2

    fMRI neurofeedback facilitates anxiety regulation in females with spider phobia.

    RCTZilverstand et al. · 2015 · Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 136 citations
  3. 3

    Real-Time Functional Connectivity-Informed Neurofeedback of Amygdala-Frontal Pathways Reduces Anxiety.

    RCTZhao et al. · 2019 · Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 110 citations
  4. 4

    Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded Neurofeedback.

    Systematic reviewChiba et al. · 2019 · Frontiers in human neuroscience · 98 citations · Open access
  5. 5

    Healing the Neurophysiological Roots of Trauma: A Controlled Study Examining LORETA Z-Score Neurofeedback and HRV Biofeedback for Chronic PTSD

    RCTAshlie Bell et al. · 2019 · NeuroRegulation · 67 citations
  6. 6

    Electroencephalography-based neurofeedback as treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Meta-analysisSteingrimsson et al. · 2020 · European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 52 citations · Open access
  7. 7

    Neurofeedback training improves anxiety trait and depressive symptom in GAD.

    RCTHou et al. · 2021 · Brain and behavior · 42 citations · Open access
  8. 8

    Neurofeedback for post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and neurophysiological outcomes.

    Meta-analysisAskovic et al. · 2023 · European journal of psychotraumatology · 36 citations

Recent trials and reviews

last 3 years
  1. 1

    Infraslow Closed-Loop Brain Training for Anxiety and Depression (ISAD): A pilot randomised, sham-controlled trial in adult females with internalizing disorders.

    RCTPerez et al. · 2025 · 1 citations · Open access
  2. 2

    Amygdala EFP Neurofeedback Effects on PTSD Symptom Clusters and Emotional Regulation Processes.

    Meta-analysisGoldental et al. · 2025 · Journal of clinical medicine · 1 citations · Open access
  3. 3

    Systematic review and meta-analysis of neurofeedback training efficacy and neural mechanisms in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

    Meta-analysisBerman et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in neuroscience · 0 citations · Open access
  4. 4

    Efficacy of neurofeedback-assisted mindfulness for anxiety and nomophobia in Spanish young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

    RCTFernandez-Crespo et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in public health
  5. 5

    Can Electroencephalography-Based Neurofeedback Treat Post-traumatic Stress Disorder? A Meta-analysis Study.

    Meta-analysisMatsuyanagi · 2025 · Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback

Decision support only. This page summarises published literature; it is not medical advice or a recommendation for any patient. Study designs and topic labels are AI-classified by Jev: advisory, not clinician-reviewed. Abstracts are not reproduced here: follow the links to read each source. Data snapshot 2026-09-25.