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Evidence map · tDCS · depression

tDCS for depression: what the research shows

Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression. 1,232 papers from 2002 to 2026, including 113 meta-analyses, 84 systematic reviews and 344 randomised controlled trials. Each study below links to its source.

1,232Papers in the corpus
113Meta-analyses
344Randomised controlled trials
492Open-access papers

Study design

Jev labels
Meta-analysis113Systematic review84RCT344Non-randomised trial119Cohort4Case-control2Cross-sectional5Case series10

243 papers have no confident study-design label yet. Labels are AI-classified by Jev: advisory, not clinician-reviewed.

Papers over time

by publication year
342171 2001–032013–152025–26*

* 2025–26 is still in progress, so its count is incomplete.

Most-cited trials and reviews

by citations
  1. 1

    The sertraline vs. electrical current therapy for treating depression clinical study: results from a factorial, randomized, controlled trial.

    RCTBrunoni et al. · 2013 · 416 citations
  2. 2

    A randomized, double-blind clinical trial on the efficacy of cortical direct current stimulation for the treatment of major depression.

    RCTBoggio et al. · 2008 · 378 citations
  3. 3

    Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial.

    RCTLoo et al. · 2012 · 325 citations
  4. 4

    Trial of Electrical Direct-Current Therapy versus Escitalopram for Depression.

    RCTBrunoni et al. · 2017 · 289 citations
  5. 5

    Transcranial direct current stimulation for acute major depressive episodes: meta-analysis of individual patient data.

    Meta-analysisBrunoni et al. · 2016 · 274 citations
  6. 6

    A double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression.

    RCTLoo et al. · 2010 · 203 citations
  7. 7

    Transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of major depression: a meta-analysis.

    Meta-analysisKalu et al. · 2012 · 186 citations
  8. 8

    International randomized-controlled trial of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in depression.

    RCTLoo et al. · 2018 · 174 citations

Recent trials and reviews

last 3 years
  1. 1

    Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: individual patient data meta-analysis.

    Meta-analysisRazza et al. · 2026 · 2 citations
  2. 2

    Transcranial direct current stimulation targeting dmPFC ameliorates somatic symptoms in depression: A randomized control trial.

    RCTZhang et al. · 2026 · 0 citations
  3. 3

    Role of hippocampal subfield volumes in the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation for late-life depression: An exploratory pilot randomized clinical trial.

    RCTTseng et al. · 2026 · 0 citations
  4. 4

    Real-World Assessment of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Combined with Sertraline in the Treatment of Depression in Vietnam.

    RCTDo et al. · 2026 · 0 citations · Open access
  5. 5

    Optimized multichannel 4 mA vs conventional transcranial direct current stimulation for major depressive disorder: A randomized sham-controlled trial.

    RCTSalehinejad et al. · 2026 · 0 citations

Decision support only. This page summarises published literature; it is not medical advice or a recommendation for any patient. Study designs and topic labels are AI-classified by Jev: advisory, not clinician-reviewed. Abstracts are not reproduced here: follow the links to read each source. Data snapshot 2026-09-25.